Sugar Laboratory Equipment

A polarimeter is a scientific instrument used to measure the angle of rotation caused by passing polarized light through an optically active substance. ... The amount by which the light is rotated is known as the angle of rotation. The angle of rotation is basically known as observed angle.

The basic operation principle of a polarimeter comprises the following: One generates light with an accurately prepared linear polarization state, usually by passage through a polarizer. That light is sent through the optically active sample, which somewhat rotates the polarization direction.

The pH meter is basically a high impedance amplifier that accurately measures the minute electrode voltages and displays the results directly in pH units on either an analog or digital display.

Refractometer measure the degree to which the light changes direction, called the angle of refraction. A refractometer takes the refraction angles and correlates them to refractive index (nD) values that have been established. Using these values, you can determine the concentrations of solutions

A spectrometer is a device for measuring wavelengths of light over a wide range of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is widely used for spectroscopic analysis of sample materials. The incident light from the light source can be transmitted, absorbed or reflected through the sample.

A spectrophotometer is an instrument that measures the amount of photons (the intensity of light) absorbed after it passes through sample solution. With the spectrophotometer, the amount of a known chemical substance (concentrations) can also be determined by measuring the intensity of light detected.

The spectrophotometer measures the amount of visible light absorbed by a solution. To obtain a reading, the spectrophotometer will direct a known amount of light through a cuvette filled with solution and will measure the amount of light that passes through the cuvette.

A traditional handheld refractometer is an analog instrument for measuring a liquid's refractive index. It works on the critical angle principle by which lenses and prisms project a shadow line onto a small glass reticle inside the instrument, which is then viewed by the user through a magnifying eyepiece.

However, bench and handheld refractometers are usually used for more pragmatic purposes, usually to measure the concentration of a dissolved substance. The simplest and most popular use of a bench or handheld refractometer is in measuring the concentration of sugar in water.

Standard electric plates will work with all cookware, while induction hot plates can only be used with induction-compatible cookware, like most stainless steel or cast iron. Standard electric plates also tend to cost less than induction hot plates.

An average hot plate will draw approximately 1,200 watts of power. If the hot plate will be used for one hour each day over a 30-day period, it will consume 36 kilowatt-hours.

A laboratory water bath is used to heat samples in the lab. Some applications include maintaining cell lines or heating flammable chemicals that might combust if exposed to open flame. A water bath generally consists of a heating unit, a stainless steel chamber that holds the water and samples, and a control interface.

Working principle of water bath : The Cu50 sensor transfer water temperature to resistance value, amplified and compared by integrated amplifier, then output the control signal, efficiently control the average heating power of electric heating tube and maintain water in constant temperature.

A polarimeter measures the direction and extent of the polarisation plane rotation. Depending on the type of instrument, the analyser is rotated manually or automatically until the maximum intensity of the light falls on the detector.

Polarimetry is used to analyze chiral substances and determine their concentration in solutions. It is applied in quality control, laboratory analytics, as well as in R&D in the pharmaceutical, cosmetics, chemical, food, and medical industries.